Add Row
Add Element
cropper
update
Global Trade News
update
Empowering Businesses with the Latest in Global Trade
Add Element
SUBSCRIBE TO NEWSLETTER 
  • Home
  • Categories
    • Policy Pulse
    • Compliance Corner
    • Market Movers
    • Trade Trends
    • Export Essentials
    • Import Insights
    • Regulatory Roundup
    • Global Trade News Blog
    • More Spotlights
    • More Videos
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
April 23.2025
3 Minutes Read

The Role of Possession in Trade Finance: Key Insights for Import-Export Companies

Possession in Trade Finance: Hands holding key and trust paper.

Understanding Possession in Trade Finance: A Legal Precedent

The recent ruling by the Singapore High Court in Valency International Pte Ltd v JSW International Tradecorp Pte Ltd and others highlights the crucial role of possession in the context of conversion claims within trade finance transactions. For businesses engaged in international trade, such as import-export companies, understanding the implications of this case is vital to effectively managing risks associated with bills of lading (BLs) and trust receipt loans.

Why Actual Possession Matters

The court’s decision underscores that to pursue a conversion claim—typically a legal remedy where one party wrongfully subjects another's property to their control—an entity must prove actual possession or an immediate right to possession of the goods. This is a significant point of law for import-export stakeholders, who often rely on BLs as security instruments.

In the case at hand, Valency provided financing to K.I. (International) Limited, enabling it to purchase a substantial shipment of steam coal from JSW. However, the cargo was discharged without the associated BLs being presented, leading to disputes over the release of the goods. This scenario illustrates the complexity that can arise when BLs and trust receipts are involved, particularly regarding possession and ownership rights.

Real-World Implications for Import-Export Companies

For companies engaged in cross-border trade, the ruling reinforces the importance of ensuring that they have the appropriate documentation and rights to the cargo they finance. Failure to secure these rights can lead to significant financial losses and complicate existing contracts.

Import-export companies must also consider how their agreements with lenders, such as those involving trust receipts, can affect their access to goods. As Valency discovered, without clear possession rights, securing delivery can become increasingly challenging, particularly in face of disputes related to demurrage fees or other delivery complications.

Recommendations for Trade Financing

Given these legal developments, there are actionable steps that import-export businesses can take to protect themselves:

  • Review Financing Agreements: Ensure your agreements with banks and other financial institutions clearly articulate possession rights, especially in scenarios involving trust receipts.
  • Maintain Proper Documentation: Always present BLs and related documents timely. Ensuring these documents are in order can help avoid unnecessary disputes.
  • Engage Legal Counsel: Consult with legal experts in trade law to understand rights and obligations fully related to possession under various circumstances.

Looking Ahead: Future Trends in Trade Law

The implications of the Singapore High Court's decision may reverberate across international trade arrangements, prompting a re-evaluation of how security instruments like BLs are utilized. As businesses continue to navigate a complex global trade environment, closer scrutiny on documentation, possession rights, and contractual obligations will be paramount for mitigating risks. The future of trade law is likely to evolve, with an increasing emphasis on clarity in laws governing possession and ownership in trade finance contexts.

Conclusion

The ruling in the Valency case serves as an important reminder for import-export enterprises about the pivotal role of possession in trade finance. By understanding the legal underpinnings related to BLs and trust receipts, businesses can better safeguard their interests in a competitive and often unpredictable marketplace.

If you are involved in import-export activities, consider reviewing your processes in light of these legal insights. Taking proactive measures could safeguard your financial interests in the evolving trade landscape.

Export Essentials

20 Views

0 Comments

Write A Comment

*
*
Related Posts All Posts
05.31.2025

Exploring USDB: How Braza's New Dollar-Pegged Stablecoin Transforms Trade

Update Introducing USDB: A Stablecoin for Financial Stability In a significant move reflecting the growing demand for digital assets, Brazilian fintech Braza has launched a US dollar-pegged stablecoin, USDB, on the XRP Ledger. This initiative emphasizes the potential benefits of stablecoins for Brazilian businesses seeking to hedge against currency fluctuations and streamline their operations in international trade. Features of the USDB Stablecoin The USDB token is backed entirely by US and Brazilian government bonds, ensuring a robust system of security and trust. Each transaction will be regularly audited to maintain compliance and transparency. This move follows the successful launch of Braza's previous Brazilian real-denominated token, BBRL, which aims to provide similar benefits for the domestic market. The Strategic Importance of XRP Ledger Utilizing the XRP Ledger allows Braza to capitalize on lower transaction costs, making it more attractive for international remittances and trade finance. The platform's focus on institutional use cases aligns well with Braza’s mission to provide innovative financial solutions that bridge traditional foreign exchange services and the emerging digital asset ecosystem. The Brazilian Digital Asset Regulatory Landscape As the Brazilian regulatory environment adapts to the increasing popularity of digital assets, measures such as the Brazilian Virtual Assets Law reflect a commitment to ensuring financial stability. Since the law's enactment, the Brazilian Central Bank has been tasked with overseeing virtual asset service providers (VASPs), ensuring compliance with essential regulations, including anti-money laundering controls. Future Implications for the Brazilian Economy Marcelo Sacomori, the CEO of Braza Group, predicts that USDB could capture about 30% of Brazil's dollar-pegged stablecoin market by the end of 2025. This potential market share demonstrates not only the demand for secure digital assets but also hints at a broader shift in the economic landscape where digital currencies play a crucial role in mitigating volatility and fostering international trade. The Role of Stablecoins in Emerging Markets Stablecoins have become vital in emerging markets, offering local businesses a way to hedge against risks associated with their national currency. By maintaining a fixed value linked to established currencies, these digital assets pave the way for improved access to dollar-denominated assets, creating a bridge for seamless international trade transactions. Call to Action As digital currencies like USDB continue to reshape the financial landscape in Brazil, companies engaged in import and export should stay informed about these emerging technologies. Early adoption of such innovations could provide a competitive edge in today's rapidly evolving market. Assess your operational strategies now and consider how stablecoins may benefit your business in mitigating risks and enhancing transaction efficiency.

05.29.2025

The Investment Case for a Resilient Türkiye: Why Your Business Should Pay Attention

Update The Economic Resilience of Türkiye TodaySince the early 2000s, Türkiye has made intriguing strides towards economic resilience, witnessing consistent GDP growth and substantial enhancements in infrastructure. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has underscored this transformation with an impressive €22 billion investment since 2009, a clear indicator of rising confidence in Türkiye’s potential. With key policy reforms spanning taxation, climate initiatives, and trade agreements, Türkiye is well-positioned for sustained growth and stability.From Ottoman Legacy to Modern EconomyHistorically, trade has served as a backbone for Türkiye, harking back to the days of the Ottoman Empire when it thrived on the Silk Road. Fast forward to the contemporary era, and Türkiye's economy now reflects this legacy of productive power. As articulated during the EBRD's recent Annual Meeting, Türkiye is no longer merely land-rich; it’s also labor-rich and possesses a soaring domestic market of 85 million people, boasting a per capita GDP that surpassed $13,000 in 2023.Education as a Cornerstone for GrowthThe robust education system in Türkiye has equipped the workforce with skills necessary for a dynamic economy. Each year, around 900,000 university graduates emerge along with 400,000 vocational graduates, creating an impressive talent pool. Research from Stanford University illuminates Türkiye’s significant capabilities in computer science and IT—a crucial asset in today’s tech-driven world.Debt Discipline: An Economic StrongholdIn an era where global emerging markets grapple with rising debt, Türkiye showcases commendable fiscal prudence. As per the Institute of International Finance, while many emerging economies are witnessing debt-to-GDP ratios soaring to unprecedented levels, Türkiye’s external debt is a manageable 45.1% of nominal GDP. This disciplined approach allows Türkiye to navigate global economic challenges with resilience.Future Outlook: A Nexus for TradeAs Türkiye steps into the future, the prospects for international trade are both promising and expansive. The array of free trade agreements, currently numbering 23, lays the groundwork for enhanced trade relations and market accessibility. For import-export businesses, Türkiye represents not just a market but a strategic hub bridging Europe and Asia.Key Takeaways for Import-Export CompaniesFor companies engaged in international trade, understanding Türkiye's evolving economic landscape is critical. The blend of favorable demographics, a robust education system, and prudent debt management positions Türkiye as a formidable player in global trade. As barriers diminish and opportunities grow, now is the time to consider engaging with this resilient Turkish economy.In conclusion, the continued development of Türkiye stands as a testament to its longstanding economic capabilities and potential for future growth. Import-export businesses should seize the moment to delve into this burgeoning market, leveraging its unique advantages.

05.28.2025

Trade Credit Insurance's Digital Transformation: Key Insights for Import Export Companies

Update Understanding Trade Credit Insurance in the Digital AgeAs the 2025 landscape for trade looks increasingly digital, with advancements in technology transforming traditional practices, industry leaders are compelled to adapt or risk obsolescence. Trade credit insurance, historically seen as a cumbersome but necessary component of global trade, is undergoing a significant transformation driven by technological innovations such as artificial intelligence and automation.The Evolution of Trade Credit InsuranceDigital transformation for trade credit insurance means making previously slow, inefficient processes more agile. According to Morgan Franc, CEO of Tinubu, the digitalisation of trade is not merely a technological upgrade; it represents a fundamental shift in how trade and insurance operate. Streamlining the collaboration among underwriters, brokers, and exporters enables faster access to insurance, which is increasingly critical as speed becomes a competitive advantage in business.Automation: The Game ChangerAutomation technologies play a pivotal role in facilitating this shift. By using AI to analyze vast amounts of data instantly, companies can make informed decisions regarding policy pricing and risk assessment, enhancing efficiency. The deployment of online bots reduces the interval between policy request and issuance dramatically, greatly benefiting businesses dependent on quick financial solutions.The Talent War in Trade Credit InsuranceWhile technology is vital, workforce dynamics also require attention. The new generation of underwriters, familiar with digital tools, expects an intuitive and modern experience. This shift in expectations necessitates a change in workplace culture and processes to attract and retain top talent. Organizations, particularly established ones, risk losing their competitive edge if they cannot evolve alongside these expectations.Challenges in Digital TransformationFranc notes that the challenge for many traditional trade credit insurance providers lies not in adopting new technology but in transforming their longstanding processes. Many underwriters find it difficult to balance the demands of integrating digital solutions while upholding traditional methods. Change management emerges as a central theme in overcoming these outdated habits, often requiring compelling incentives and evidence to persuade resistant stakeholders.Looking Ahead: The Future of Trade Credit InsuranceAs we move deeper into the digital era, organizations within trade credit insurance must embrace change or risk being left behind. The next steps in digital transformation involve integrating innovative technologies while simultaneously modernizing corporate cultures and processes. Achieving this delicate balance is crucial not only for operational efficiency but also for maintaining a competitive advantage in the fast-paced world of global trade.In conclusion, trade credit insurance is at a crossroads, navigating through a digital landscape that poses both opportunities and risks. Companies must prioritize digital solutions to thrive in an increasingly competitive marketplace. Ultimately, the firms that can successfully engage both technology and talent stand to benefit significantly from the ongoing transformation within this critical sector.

Add Row
Add Element
cropper
update
Global Trade News
cropper
update


An educational, content-centric platform that delivers unbiased, comprehensive, and real-time regulatory news and analysis, empowering stakeholders to make informed decisions in a complex global trade environment.


Global Trade News is a subsidiary of RP Design Web Services.

  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
  • update
Add Element

COMPANY

  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Use
  • Advertise
  • Contact Us
  • Menu 5
  • Menu 6
Add Element

AVAILABLE FROM 8AM - 5PM

City, State

Cheshire, CT

Add Element

ABOUT US

A media channel that delivers the latest insights on trade regulations, import/export compliance, policy shifts, and global market trends.  Present both US and international perspectives to provide companies with a holistic view of the evolving trade landscape.

Add Element

© 2025 Global Trade News All Rights Reserved. PO Box 1189 , Cheshire, CT 06410 . Contact Us . Terms of Service . Privacy Policy

{"company":"Global Trade News","address":"PO Box 1189 ","city":"Cheshire","state":"CT","zip":"06410","email":"sales@rpdesign.com","tos":"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","privacy":"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"}

Terms of Service

Privacy Policy

Core Modal Title

Sorry, no results found

You Might Find These Articles Interesting

T
Please Check Your Email
We Will Be Following Up Shortly
*
*
*